Numerous studies predict growing shortages in the physician workforce in the United States, especially among cardiothoracic surgeons. Moderator Alan M. Speir, MD (Inova Heart and Vascular Institute) and panelists J. Michael DiMaio, MD (The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano), Keith A. Horvath, MD (American Association of Medical Colleges), Stephen J. Lahey, MD (University of Connecticut), Ourania A. Preventza, MD (Michael DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center), and Raymond J.