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Cardiothoracic surgeon Mark Rodefeld, MD, today was presented with the Earl Bakken 2025 Scientific Achievement Award at The Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ 61st Annual Meeting in Los Angeles.

Dr. Rodefeld is renowned for his groundbreaking development of a "Fontan pump," designed to provide right-side or subpulmonary circulatory support for patients with single-ventricle heart defects. These patients face lifelong circulatory challenges following Fontan palliation due to the lack of a subpulmonary ventricle. Dr. Rodefeld's work addresses this issue by restoring a subpulmonary power source to effectively normalize circulation. Computational modeling, animal studies, and preclinical device development have demonstrated the pump’s potential to neutralize Fontan circulatory inefficiency, offering hope for improved long-term health and outcomes.

“Dr. Mark Rodefeld’s contributions as an innovator and pioneer in cardiothoracic surgery are a true testament to his veracity and perseverance,” said STS President Jennifer C. Romano, MD, MS. “His work will continue to inspire the field and revolutionize the treatment of single-ventricle heart disease. He shows us that with unyielding determination, even the most complex challenges can lead to transformative change.”

"This is a tremendous honor, and it is deeply humbling to be included among this group of exceptionally accomplished past awardees," said Dr. Rodefeld. "They are giants in the field, and many were my mentors who significantly impacted my clinical and scientific work. Recognition from colleagues and peers is profoundly rewarding and fuels my continued passion and enthusiasm."

A professor of surgery at the Indiana University School of Medicine, Dr. Rodefeld practices pediatric cardiac surgery at Riley Children’s Hospital in Indianapolis. He leads an independent research program focused on developing innovative treatments for single-ventricle heart disease—a field in which he has made significant strides.

While at Indiana University, Dr. Rodefeld has balanced clinical practice with research aimed at advancing univentricular Fontan circulation, an area that has traditionally been underserved. His pioneering work is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 grant and focuses on developing technologies that could replicate biventricular circulation in single-ventricle patients, potentially offering long-term curative solutions.

A key milestone in Dr. Rodefeld ’s career came in 2010, when his research team developed a novel blood pump with funding from the NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The pump uses a spinning disk to draw blood from the veins and propel it into the arteries of patients with a single functioning heart ventricle. This device provides modest multi-directional cavopulmonary blood flow augmentation, which holds promise to improve circulatory function in this patient population.

“The scientific accomplishments that stand out as most rewarding to me are the early proof-of-feasibility studies I conducted,” added Dr. Rodefeld. “Interestingly, some of these early studies were incredibly simple and performed in my garage (like Earl Bakken’s early pacemaker work), or in initial animal studies.”

Dr. Rodefeld also highlighted the invaluable mentorship he received from colleagues both within and outside of cardiothoracic surgery and expressed his pride in his independent NIH funding.

This recognition underscores Dr. Rodefeld's profound impact on the field of pediatric cardiothoracic surgery and his ongoing commitment to advancing the care of patients with complex heart conditions.

The Earl Bakken Scientific Achievement Award was established in 1999 through a grant from Medtronic, Inc. to honor individuals who have made outstanding scientific contributions that have enhanced the practice of cardiothoracic surgery and patient quality of life. The award was named for Medtronic co-founder Earl Bakken. Among numerous other achievements, Bakken developed the first wearable artificial pacemaker.

The 61st STS Annual Meeting kicked off with the inaugural Nina Starr Braunwald Lecture, featuring an engaging conversation between STS President Jennifer C. Romano, MD, MS, and Nobel Prize Laureate Jennifer Doudna, PhD. They explored the transformative potential of scientific innovation and its profound impact on the future of medicine.

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Co-sponsored by STS and Women in Thoracic Surgery, the 2025 Nina Starr Braunwald Extraordinary Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Awards were given to Aya Saito, MD; Jessica Donington, MD; and Stephanie Fuller, MD.

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STS President Jennifer C. Romano, MD, MS, the first woman surgeon in the Society’s history to deliver the address, reflected on her career, key highlights of her presidency, and the profound importance of "extending grace to others and ourselves." 

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Congratulations to the champions of this year's CT Surgery Resident Showdown, representing the University of Iowa!

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Check out our day one wrap-up video!

A groundbreaking study to be presented at the 2025 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting sheds light on an important decision point for patients requiring aortic valve replacement. Utilizing data from the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, researchers have delivered the most extensive analysis to date on the outcomes of prosthetic valve types for patients aged 60 and younger.

The study, to be presented by Dr. Michael Bowdish, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, examines the impact of valve choice—mechanical versus bioprosthetic—on long-term survival. By linking patient-level data from the STS ACSD with the National Death Index, researchers offer fresh insights into the critical question of how age and valve type affect surgical outcomes.

With its rigorous methodology and focus on tailoring care to individual needs, the study underscores the potential of advanced surgical techniques and data analytics to improve patient outcomes. It also highlights the pivotal role of the STS National Database, which provides robust national benchmarks for cardiothoracic procedures in the US, in driving impactful research and clinical innovation.

In presenting the Adult Cardiac Clark Paper on day two of STS 2025, Increased Risk of Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement After Prior Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement with Concomitant Valve Disease, Dr. Robert Hawkins explores the heightened mortality risk for patients undergoing reoperation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared to those who have undergone surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Using data from the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, which covers the years 2011 to 2021, Dr. Hawkins and his team examine the impact of concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve diseases on reoperation outcomes, with a particular focus on TAVR explants.

As part of the “Aortic Valve Surgery: What Do Our Patients Need to Know?” session on Saturday, Jan. 25 from 4:30 – 5:45 p.m., Dr. Hawkins will discuss findings that show patients with prior TAVR are more likely to suffer from severe concomitant valve diseases, such as mitral regurgitation, compared to those who underwent SAVR. These patients demonstrated a higher mortality rate during reoperation, particularly TAVR explants with an increase in the odds of mortality. The study further finds that severe valve disease is associated with significantly higher mortality in both TAVR explant and redo-SAVR cases.

During this session, Dr. Hawkins will share findings indicating that heart teams should consider these risks when deciding between TAVR and SAVR, as well as when addressing dysfunctional TAVR valves to avoid the heightened risks of reoperation. 

On Saturday, Jan. 24, from 10:15 to 10:25 a.m., Tomaz Mesar, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, will present An Age-Based Analysis of Transcatheter and Surgical Outcomes in Low-Risk Patients. The study compares outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low-risk patients with aortic stenosis, with a particular focus on the impact of age on treatment outcomes.

Using a combined STS and TVT database, Dr. Mesar analyzed low-risk patients who underwent either SAVR or TAVR for degenerative aortic stenosis over a 13-year period, categorizing them into three age groups: under 65, 65-74, and over 75.

As part of the “Updates in Structural Heart: Surgeons are Still in the Game” session, Dr. Mesar will present on the crucial role of age in determining the optimal approach—TAVR or SAVR—for structural heart interventions. His presentation will address how current findings suggest that TAVR may not be suitable for younger, low-risk patients due to observed higher mortality rates. 

For patients aged 65-74, the choice between TAVR and SAVR requires a personalized assessment, as neither procedure demonstrates a clear survival advantage. Finally, for patients over 75, while TAVR may offer a reduction in certain complications, SAVR appears to provide better long-term survival outcomes for this patient population.

Evaluating the performance of congenital heart surgery centers is essential for improving patient outcomes. However, traditional methods of assessing performance have their limitations. At yesterday’s STS 2025 session, Sharon-Lise Normand, PhD, a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School, presented Improving Risk Adjustment in the Assessment of Congenital Heart Center Surgical Quality, which explored the use of modern causal inference techniques. These techniques aimed to better account for differences in case mix across centers, enhance risk adjustment, and provide a more accurate evaluation of center performance.

Utilizing data from the STS Congenital Database over a five-year period, the study examined 115 heart surgery centers across the United States. It compared two approaches for predicting postoperative mortality rates:

1. Traditional Method: This approach employed a statistical model that included data from all types of heart surgeries, even those that differed significantly from the procedures performed at the specific center.
2. Causal Inference Method: In contrast, this method focused on identifying other centers that performed similar surgeries and compared the outcomes of patients at those centers to those at the center under study.

Key findings

Dr. Normand discussed how the study revealed that causal inference methods yielded significantly higher and more variable estimates of expected mortality compared to traditional regression models. This suggests that traditional methods may underestimate the complexity of risk adjustment and the variability in performance across different centers. Additionally, causal inference methods were more effective in aligning the distribution of risk factors between comparison and target centers, leading to more accurate estimates of expected mortality.

Implications

These findings emphasize the potential of causal inference methods to provide a more tailored approach to risk adjustment, enhancing the accuracy of performance assessments across various centers. “Further research is needed to explore the implications of these methods for quality improvement and reporting,” said Dr. Normand. “By refining risk adjustment techniques, we can more effectively identify high-performing centers, pinpoint areas for improvement, and ultimately contribute to better outcomes for patients with congenital heart disease.”
 

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons today announced the 2025 Nina Starr Braunwald Extraordinary Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Award recipients at its 61st Annual Meeting in Los Angeles. Now in its third year, the award is co-sponsored by STS and Women in Thoracic Surgery (WTS) and honors women cardiothoracic surgeons who have demonstrated exceptional clinical expertise and made significant contributions to the field.

This year’s recipients are Jessica Donington, MD; Stephanie Fuller, MD; and Aya Saito, MD.

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“It is our privilege to honor these exceptional women and celebrate their achievements as surgeons, leaders, and mentors,” said STS President Jennifer C. Romano, MD, MS. “They inspire and empower the next generation of cardiothoracic surgeons, both women and men, to reach new heights in their fields.”

Meet these exceptional women surgeons:

Dr. Jessica Donington, a thoracic surgeon specializing in benign and malignant chest diseases, is at the forefront of the fight against lung cancer. As professor of surgery and chief of thoracic surgery at UChicago Medicine and director of lung cancer screening at UChicago, she leads thoracic oncology research, focusing on early detection and innovative surgical approaches. Her groundbreaking clinical trials are transforming patient care by paving the way for earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments.

As an advocate for equitable access to screenings and life-saving treatments, particularly for underserved communities on Chicago’s South Side, Dr. Donington works tirelessly to ensure all individuals have the opportunity for timely intervention.

With a strong commitment to advancing the field, Dr. Donington has accepted leadership roles at prominent cardiothoracic surgery organizations. As a past president of Women in Thoracic Surgery, New York Society for Thoracic Surgery, and Western Thoracic Surgical Association, Dr. Donington has championed opportunities for future generations, especially women in the field. She is a member of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and serves on the editorial boards of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Journal of Thoracic Oncology, and CHEST.

Dr. Donington is not only an accomplished surgeon and researcher but also a dedicated educator, earning numerous awards for her exceptional ability to inspire students, residents, and fellows, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology Excellence in Teaching Award and the Distinguished Leader in Program Innovation from the University of Chicago’s Biological Sciences Division. A sought-after speaker both locally and internationally, she continues to shape the future of thoracic surgery through her unwavering commitment to patient care, research, and education.

Several of Dr. Donington’s peers have noted that her influence will resonate for decades, underscoring her enduring impact on both the surgical community and her patients.

Dr. Stephanie Fuller serves as the Thomas L. Spray, MD, Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), where she is known for her innovative approach to treating congenital heart conditions in both children and adults. Leading the Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, she passionately advocates for lifelong care for adult survivors, ensuring they receive continuity in care from doctors familiar with the unique aspects of pediatric cancer survivorship. Her roles at the University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Hospital further underscore her dedication to patient care.

Dr. Fuller is a respected researcher who has significantly contributed to understanding neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life following heart surgery. Her research emphasizes the importance of addressing both the physical and emotional well-being of patients. She is considered a pioneer in pushing the boundaries of medical knowledge to advance a more holistic approach to cardiac care.

Beyond her clinical and research work, Dr. Fuller is a dedicated mentor, shaping the next generation of surgeons as program director for the Congenital Cardiothoracic Fellowship at CHOP. She instills in her trainees the same passion and dedication that characterize her own career. The success of her mentees, many of whom have assumed leadership positions, reflects her commitment to fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment.

Dr. Fuller’s leadership extends to national and international levels through her role as an oral examiner for the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and her position as the 2025 Chair of the STS Annual Meeting Workforce. She is a strong advocate for gender equity in healthcare, promoting an inclusive environment where all can thrive.

Dr. Aya Saito, a cardiac surgeon, is recognized as one whose remarkable career has redefined the landscape of a traditionally male-dominated field. In 2023, she made history as the first female chairperson of the department of surgery at Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, an achievement with far-reaching implications for Japanese and Asian medicine.

Dr. Saito’s impressive background includes training at Yokohama City University School of Medicine, a PhD in cryopreserved heart valves from the University of Tokyo, and a clinical fellowship in cardiothoracic surgery and heart transplantation at the University of Western Ontario Hospital. Specializing in adult cardiac surgery, she is recognized for her expertise in off-pump coronary artery bypass, valvular heart disease, and aortic surgery, providing exceptional and compassionate care, especially to high-risk elderly patients.

Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Saito is a trailblazing researcher. Her pivotal work on cryopreserved allogeneic vascular tissues, published in the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, is highly regarded. She also spearheads the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database, which is influencing global clinical practices and raising standards in patient care.

Dr. Saito is deeply committed to mentorship and has founded Women in Thoracic Surgery in Japan, creating a supportive and empowering community for aspiring female surgeons. Dr. Saito’s colleagues emphasize that many of the achievements of women thoracic surgeons in Japan are directly attributable to her mentorship, highlighting her significant role in advancing and supporting women in the specialty — demonstrating that the future of medicine thrives when diverse voices are heard and valued.

“These exceptional women are essential voices in cardiothoracic surgery,” said Daniela Molena, MD, president of Women in Thoracic Surgery. “Each of them exemplifies the qualities needed to advance our specialty and inspire the next generation of women cardiothoracic surgery leaders.”

At the 2025 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting, researchers will unveil a late-breaking study exploring the long-term survival outcomes of different surgical approaches for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The analysis leveraged the robust STS General Thoracic Surgery Database (GTSD), combined with long-term follow-up data, to evaluate the effectiveness of anatomic lung resections versus alternative techniques.

The study, to be presented by Dr. Christopher Seder, Rush University Medical Center, examined data from more than 32,000 patients, provides valuable real-world insights that complement existing randomized controlled trials, offering a comprehensive perspective on how surgical decisions influence outcomes over time. With findings drawn from diverse healthcare settings, this research underscores the potential of leveraging large-scale databases to refine treatment strategies and optimize patient care.

The STS GTSD remains a leading resource for capturing detailed surgical and patient data, driving advancements in cardiothoracic surgery. This latest study adds to its legacy by highlighting the importance of integrating real-world evidence into clinical practice.

The Congenital Heart Surgery Clark Paper, Understanding Mortality Following Congenital Heart Surgery: What Do Procedure-Specific Factors (PSF) Add? will assess the contribution of PSFs beyond standard risk factors in estimating mortality in this population.

Meena Nathan, MD, a pediatric cardiac surgeon at Children’s Hospital Boston, will present this paper on Friday, Jan. 24, from 2:16 to 2:24 p.m. as part of the "The Tribulations of Trials: Challenges in CHD Clinical Studies" session. During her talk, she will discuss data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database, a crucial resource for enhancing the quality of congenital heart surgery. In 2013, the Database expanded to include 82 Patient Safety Factors (PSFs) for benchmark operations (BMOs), though the impact of these PSFs on mortality prediction has yet to be fully explored.

To address this knowledge gap, Dr. Nathan and her team analyzed the contribution of PSFs to mortality estimation beyond standard STS risk factors. The study included a large cohort of BMOs from 115 U.S. centers between 2017 and 2022.

Dr. Nathan will present study findings, which emphasize the complexity of mortality prediction in congenital heart surgery and highlight the need for continued research to identify the most relevant risk factors and PSFs for each procedure, with the goal of developing more accurate prediction models that enhance patient care and support informed decision-making.

In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a novel analysis evaluating surgeon preference for multi- versus single-arterial grafting may help explain the differing results between prior retrospective analyses and randomized controlled trials regarding long-term survival.

A novel study to be presented on Friday, Jan. 24, at The Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ 61st Annual Meeting by lead author Justin Schaffer, MD, a cardiothoracic surgeon at Baylor Scott & White Health, offers fresh insights into the long-debated question of whether multi-arterial grafting (MAG) improves long-term survival compared to single-arterial grafting (SAG) in patients undergoing CABG. The analysis evaluates over one million Medicare beneficiaries and incorporates an innovative approach using surgeon preference as a tool to address unmeasured variables.

While the findings highlight nuances in interpreting retrospective and randomized trial data, they also underscore the need for future randomized studies, such as the forthcoming results of the ROMA trial, to definitively guide clinical decision-making.

The researchers emphasized that understanding the survival benefit of MAG over SAG requires randomized data, and it remains an important and open clinical question.