DEI

  At a celebratory breakfast with more than 290 registrants, STS's Extraordinary Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Award was presented to Leah M. Backhus, MD, MPH, from Stanford University; Jennifer L. Ellis, MD, MBA, from NYU Langone Health; and Betty C. Tong, MD, MHS, MS, from Duke University Medical Center.     This year's Vivien T. Thomas Lecture was "Lessons From My Ancestors - A Path Towards Excellence," presented by Francisco G. Cigarroa, MD.     After 2 years of virtual-only meetings, STS 2023 attendees are able to once again meet in person with colleagues and friends, and to enjoy hands-on experiences that are better than ever.     At the Presidents Reception, attendees enjoyed stunning coastal views and celebrated the term of STS President John H. Calhoon, MD, as well as the legacies of Joseph A. Dearani, MD, and the late Sean C. Grondin, MD, who led the STS community through the COVID-19 lockdown with wisdom and grace.  

In today’s Vivien T. Thomas Symposium at STS 2023, attendees will hear how they can help to mitigate disparities in care for patients undergoing congenital surgery—and how these steps can make a difference in care throughout patients’ lifetimes. “Clearly, health equity is one of the most important drivers of outcomes across a lifetime,” said Tara Karamlou, MD, MSc, who will present during today’s Vivien Thomas Symposium. “If you’re 80 and part of an underserved population, living below the poverty line, you’ve lived your life to that point. For a child in that situation, we as healthcare providers have a responsibility to address inequities in care, and to understand that some populations are uniquely at risk.” An important step in addressing patient care disparities lies in tackling provider disparities, Dr. Karamlou points out. “We know from extensive literature that if women take care of women, if African Americans take care of African Americans, the outcomes are better. If a provider is culturally competent, they can relate to those patients such that they come back for their visits, they stay in touch with their health care team.” Dr. Karamlou noted the importance of recognizing social determinants of health as new tools—such as the new STS adult congenital surgery risk model, which will be unveiled this morning at STS 2023—are implemented in the clinical setting. “Going forward, in addition to capturing mortality, factors such as quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes will need to be folded into the risk model,” she said. Whether attendees are adult cardiac surgeons, congenital cardiac surgeons, or thoracic surgeons, it’s critical to understand that adult congenital surgery is one of the most rapidly growing fields in the specialty, and that patients who have congenital conditions have unique risk factors. “Those patients circumscribe the entire cardiothoracic care spectrum,” Dr. Karamlou said. “An adult congenital patient is still an adult congenital patient, whether they’re undergoing CABG, a pulmonary valve repair, a diaphragm plication, or a lung transplant, you need to adequately capture and adjust for the risk of your patients.” “Whatever specialty you’re in, more accurately doing that among this growing population is going to pay dividends not just for you as a surgeon, but also for your program,” Dr. Karamlou added, “so that you can adequately get credit for the complexity of your operation.” “Social Determinants of Health: Mitigating health disparities across a patient’s lifespan in congenital cardiac surgery” will be presented today as part of the Vivien Thomas Symposium, beginning at 2:45 p.m. PT.  

A scientific session devoted to identifying and closing gaps in health care will take place on Saturday at STS 2023. The session, beginning at 2:45 p.m. PT on January 21, will highlight evidence-proven programs that have not only identified disparities in health screening and treatment, but have successfully improved care for patients regardless of demographics, emphasized moderator Cherie P. Erkmen, MD, director of the lung screening and thoracic surgery residency programs for the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Erkmen said, “One of the things we struggle against in the realm of diversity, equity, and inclusion is that people are tired of just hearing, ‘There’s disparity, there’s inequity, there’s a problem.’ But then—what do we do? That’s part of the focus of this session—health equity in practice and people who have embraced it, successfully increasing their volumes and improving patient outcomes.” Assembled by Dr. Erkmen and Sara Pereira, MD, from the University of Utah Health, presentations within the Symposium include a report on gender outcomes in coronary bypass grafting, racial disparities in the inpatient management of ischemic heart disease, increasing health equity in the heart and lung transplant arenas, mitigating disparities across the lifetimes of patients who have undergone congenital cardiac surgery, and strategies to improve adherence to lung cancer screening guidelines in underserved communities, based on researchers’ experience in rural South Carolina. “Dr. Tara Karamlou has examined the entire continuum of congenital cardiac surgery, from diagnosis through adulthood, and has opened her doors to understand a very challenging population,” Dr. Erkmen explained. “Dr. Yoshiya Toyoda is a transplant surgeon at a very underserved, ‘safety net’ hospital, yet he’s the number one lung transplanter in the country for several years straight, accepting people across the whole socioeconomic spectrum.” “We have a thoracic surgeon, Dr. Ian Bostock, who’s looking at diversity in lung cancer screening—understanding where the disparities lie and lowering the barriers to screening so that they can get through the door and to the next step, which is lung cancer treatment,” Dr. Erkmen continued. “The last speaker, Dr. Martha McGilvray, has been awarded the podium for her research on racial disparities in the management of ischemic heart disease.” Stepping in as co-moderator is Clauden Louis, MD, MS, from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. “I’m excited to be considered to represent such a name—the story of Vivien Thomas is incredibly important,” Dr. Louis said. “I think STS is taking a stand toward valuing our patients and valuing representation, understanding that outcomes are improved when the people taking care of you also have an understanding or a similarity, and are able to represent the population.” The session is named for Vivien T. Thomas, a Black laboratory supervisor who worked with famed physician Alfred Blalock, MD, at Vanderbilt University in the 1940s. When Johns Hopkins recruited Dr. Blalock, he refused to move unless Thomas accompanied him as a “package deal.” Thomas worked as part of Dr. Blalock's surgical team, helping develop the procedure used in the landmark 1944 "blue baby" operation. Despite his integral role in Dr. Blalock’s pioneering work, Thomas was hired and paid as a janitor and was not allowed to use the main entrance to Johns Hopkins. “He’s someone who could’ve been me,” Dr. Louis said. In addition to the Symposium, the third annual Vivien T. Thomas Lecture will take place at STS 2023. This year, the lecture is presented by Francisco G. Cigarroa, MD, and will mark the commencement of the annual meeting on Saturday morning at 8:00 a.m. “I’m excited about getting interest and participation from our thoracic surgery residents and our junior faculty,” Dr. Erkmen said. “And it's also important for people to know that there is an enduring workforce from the STS headed up by Dr. David Tom Cooke. Under his steady leadership, we've been able to accomplish many, many additions to the cardiothoracic surgery community, including workforce publications, looking at workforce disparity and health disparity, and also coordinating with other committees to make sure that diversity is always in mind as we legislate ourselves and create a program like the STS Annual Meeting.” On Monday at STS 2023, Dr. Erkmen also will present “The Cost of Being a Woman in Academic Surgery,” a session that analyzes rank and salary throughout women surgeons’ careers and demonstrates the additional hurdles they face. “We know that there is a difference in care when you are focused on the end goal—better access for everyone,” Dr. Louis said. “I’m excited to represent Dr. Vivien Thomas as a moderator for this session. And I’m excited to meet my colleagues in San Diego.” STS is still accepting registrations for the annual meeting, offering both an in-person experience and a virtual option, Plenary Livestream-Plus, which allows registrants to stream select meeting content and plenary sessions—including the Thomas Lecture—from anywhere in the world. STS 2023 is the premier forum for presenting new science, techniques, and technology in cardiothoracic surgery. Learn more at STS.org/AnnualMeeting.

Investigators will discuss the real—yet easily identified—risk that living in a food desert may have on patients recovering from esophagectomy on Day 1 of STS 2023. Mortality risks for patients with colon and breast cancers who live in food deserts have been reported in recent years as part of a large administrative database review. On Saturday, January 21 at 1:25 p.m. PT, surgeons from six high-volume medical centers will present the first multi-institutional research that identifies patients who undergo tri-modality therapy for esophageal cancer have increased risk of readmission following surgery. Joseph Phillips, MD, from Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, New Hampshire, will present the study exploring the association between food deserts and patient re-hospitalizations after esophagectomy.  In this retrospective research, surgeons reviewed records from a diverse US patient population that underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy. Of 425 patients included, 73 lived in a food desert, which are areas where access to nutritious foods is inadequate. The study found that patients from food deserts were twice as likely to be readmitted to the hospital for any reason within 30 days post-surgery. The study also found that these patients had significantly lower median household incomes, although this was not a factor when patients were stratified by readmission status. No differences were found in length of stay, complications, or 30-day mortality between patients who lived or did not live in food deserts. “Living in a food desert is an easily identifiable risk factor that should alert surgeons that pre- and post-surgical interventions may be needed to improve outcomes,” Dr. Phillips says. Food deserts, as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), are low-income census tracts where a substantial number of residents have low access to grocery stores. The USDA identifies about 6,500 tracts in urban and rural areas as food deserts, where 13.5 million people don’t have a supermarket nearby. Aside from scarcity of nutritious food, residing in a food desert is also often an indicator of low incomes and inadequate healthcare access. The study authors also postulate that patients receiving tri-modality therapy for esophageal cancer may benefit from early referral to resources such as social workers and dieticians for intervention prior to and during treatment. Furthermore, these patients may benefit from more directed post-discharge care to avoid unnecessary readmissions to the hospital.